_ = bold &/or underline on/off (unless in a URL) * = italic on/off ** = bullet Completed and mechanically signed Aug. 22, 2006. _Unto Countess Elisabeth de Rossignol, Laurel Queen of Arms; Dame Margaret MacDubhshithe, Pelican Queen of Arms; Baroness Jeanne Marie Lacroix, Wreath Queen of Arms; and unto the members of the College of Arms does Yin Mei Li, acting Golden Pillar Herald, send *warmest greetings.*_ Artemisia's College of Heralds respectfully requests Laurel register items included here: 13 new names, 1 name resubmission, and 4 new devices. Maitresse Morwenna d'Membyr, Artemisia's Chancellor of the Exchequer, will forward a check for $72 ($4 per new submission) separately. For a variety of reasons, Yin received a few new and many old, unprocessed submissions in late July. To avoid further delay, Yin and Aurore des Flandres reviewed these submissions quickly to enable Yin to include here those items that seemed most straightforward either to review &/or document and for which fees are known to be in hand. (Yin's plans for more in-depth kingdom-level reviews must wait at least another month.) This letter is posted in several formats, available through http://www.ida.net/users/valerie_lee/GoldenPillar/GoldenPillarLoI.html for those who prefer electronic copies. These submissions are also included in OSCAR at http://oscar.sca.org/. Please note that, for armory, Yin included colored images in the .html and OSCAR versions. Yin still provides uncolored images in the other formats that have images. Regarding format: Yin wrote this letter first using Notepad and .html format, hoping that this method will reduce discrepancies between the LoI in OSCAR and as distributed by other means. Some of the other formats are therefore created by first copying a webpage into a Word2003 document, others by replacing .html code in a text document. Yin does not expect this method will cause problems for readers. _Please_ inform Yin if her expectations are wrong. _AUGUST 2006 SUBMITTED ITEMS_ 1. _Alessandra Gianetta da Siena_, name resubmission Alessandra wants a feminine name. She accepts any changes. If her name must be changed, Alessandra cares most about its 1490s Italian Renaissance language/culture. _*Alessandra*_ – feminine name recorded in Florence, Italy during the 14th &/or 15th C [Jo Lori Drake (aka Rhian Lyth of Blackmoor Vale), "Italian Renaissance Women's Names," 1995-2005, http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/italian.html, accessed May 11, 2006.] _*Gianetta*_ - feminine name recorded in Florence, Italy during 14th &/or 15th C [ibid.] _*da Siena*_ – locative byname meaning "from Siena," which town name was recorded with this spelling in 1554 [Andrea Hicks (aka Maridonna Benvenuti), "Mercator's Place Names of Italy in 1554, Central Italy," March 2005, http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/maridonna/mercator/center.html, under *Toscana*, accessed May 11, 2006.] Yin notes that modern Italian surnames *Siena, Sieni, Senesi,* and *Sanesi*, used throughout much of Tuscany & the last in Napoli, derived from the toponymic name *Siena*: _Si{'e}na._ VARIANTI: Si{'e}ni. DERIVATE: *Sen{e'}si* e *Sen{e'}se*, *San{e'}si* e *San{e'}se*. // Diffuso in Toscna, con alta frequenza per *Sieni*, *Senesi* e *Sanesi* (ferquente quest'ultimo anche nel Napoleta), e sporadicamente nelle altre regioni, {'e} formato dal toponimo *Si{'e}na* e dall'etnico *Sin{e'}se* (ant. *San{e'}se*). [Emidio de Felice, _dizionario dei cognomi italiani_, 4th ed., Milano: Dizionari Arnoldo Mandadori Editore, 1986, c.f. *Si{'e}na*] Yin infers double given Italian names are late period based on the following precedent, but cannot assure their use in the 1490s: Submitted as Giulia Maddalena Sardone di Nicolo. As Kraken put it, In Italian, by the time that we find (a) double given names and (b) faimly [sic.] surnames, I would expect the direct patronymic to have disappeared. On the other hand, *given patronymic surname* is unexceptional. Adding the double given name is a weirdness, ... We have therefore changed the order of the patronymic and the surname. [Aug. 2000 LoAR, http://sca.org/heraldry/loar/2000/08/00-08lar.html, c.f. Acceptances, Caid, Giulia Maddalena di Nicolo Sardone] This combination of a double given name and locative byname is at least plausible for late period Italy. It seems that in Italy by late period, double given names were in use, but inherited surnames were not universal. (Some Italians established hereditary surnames in the 10th or 11th C, but a few Italian families did not adopt such surnames until c.1800 [Joseph G. Fucilla, _Our Italian Surnames_, Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1996 reprint, p. 13].) In Aug. 2005, Laurel returned *Alessandra Cannestrelli* because Alessandra withdrew her name. In Feb. 2006, Laurel returned Alessandra's first resubmission, *Alessandra da Firenze* for conflict with *Alessandro di Firenze*, registered in September 1992. 2. _Alexandria Bryennissa_, new name Alexandria wants a feminine name. She will not accept major changes. _*Alexandria*_ – common feminine name among Roman aristocracy in 6th & 7th C [Berret Chavez (aka Bardas Xiphias), "Common Names of the Aristocracy in the Roman Empire During the 6th and 7th Centuries: Feminine Names Alphabetically," 1995 & 2005, http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/byzantine/PLRE_fem_names.html, accessed Aug. 14, 2006.] _*Bryennissa*_ – feminized form of Byzantine family name *Bryennios*, recorded in 717 [Berret Chavez (aka Bardas Xiphias), "Personal Names of the Aristocracy in the Roman Empire During the Later Byzantine Era," 1995 & 2005, http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/byzantine/introduction.html, specifically links to "Family Names" and "Feminizing Family Names," accessed Aug. 14, 2006.] 3. _Damiane Batatzina_, new name and device Damiane wants a feminine name. She will not accept major changes. If her name must be changed, Damiane cares most about its Byzantine language/culture. Within these strictures, Damiane wants her name changed as necessary to be an authentic 10th-11th C Byzantine name. _*Damiane*_ - common feminine name among Roman aristocracy in 6th & 7th C [Berret Chavez (aka Bardas Xiphias), "Common Names of the Aristocracy in the Roman Empire During the 6th and 7th Centuries: Feminine Names Alphabetically, " 1995 & 2005, http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/byzantine/PLRE_fem_names.html, accessed Aug. 14, 2006.] _*Batatzina*_ - feminized form of Byzantine family name *Batatzes*, recorded in 10th C [Berret Chavez (aka Bardas Xiphias), "Personal Names of the Aristocracy in the Roman Empire During the Later Byzantine Era," 1995 & 2005, http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/byzantine/introduction.html, specifically links to "Family Names" and "Feminizing Family Names," accessed Aug. 14, 2006.] _*Per pall gules, sable, and argent, a labrys argent and a pomegranate gules slipped and leaved vert.*_ Yin did not describe this pomegranate as *proper* because its hull/skin is red, but she might be wrong in making that distinction. In the SCA, a pomegranate's proper coloring is defined as, "green, seeded red" ["Glossary of Terms," Dec. 2003, http://sca.org/heraldry/coagloss.html#proper, accessed Aug. 20, 2006.] Damiane &/or her consulting herald blazoned the ax as a *labrys*, which is the Greek name for the double-headed ax of ancient Crete. However, 1901 is the earliest example of English use of *labrys* cited in the Compact Oxford English Dictionary [_Compact Oxford English Dictionary_, 2nd ed., Oxford: Clarenden Press, 1996 reprint, c.f. *labrys*]. Yin does not know if *labrys* is a term that would have been known to period heralds or used in period heraldry. She notes it is not included on its own or under the definition for *axe* in heraldic dictionaries to which she has ready access [for example, it isn't in: James Parker, "A Glossary of Terms Used in Heraldry," 1894, coded by Saitou 2000, last modified by Jim Trigg 2004, http://www.heraldsnet.org/saitou/parker/index.htm, accessed Aug. 19, 20006]. Based on a keyword search of an on-line armorial for axes with two blades/heads/bits: ** *labrys* is used in three blazons for items registered between June 1973 & Sept. 1994 ** *double bladed* is used in one blazon: Tófa Asgeirsdóttir's device, June 2003 ** *double-bladed* is used in 10 blazons for items registered between Aug. 1979 & April 2000 ** *double bitted* is used in five blazons for items registered between June 1985 & May 2001 ** *double-bitted* is used in 184 blazons for items registered between Sept. 1973 & Nov. 2005 ** *double headed* was used once for an Outlands badge registered May 1998 & released 1999 ** *double-headed* is not used 4 _Drust mac Nectan_, new name Drust wants a masculine name. He will not accept any changes. Drust cares most about his name's 7th C Pictish language/culture. This name's construction follows one of the name constructions ({given name} mac {father's given name}), that would have been used by Picts. This particular form would have come into use with the gradual Gaelicization of Pictish culture. It would not have been common in the 6th C, but it would have been common in the 8th C. [Heather Rose Jones (aka Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn), "A Consideration of Pictish Names, III. Analyzing and Using the Data," 1996, http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/tangwystyl/pictnames/pict3_4.html#section3, accessed Aug. 20, 2006.] _*Drust*_ - popular name of kings &/or sons of kings traditionally identified as Pictish. *Drust(os), Drust/Drost*, & *Drest* are respectively the standardized classical, 6th C, & 8th C forms that appear in medieval sources. [Ibid.] _*mac Nectan*_ - constructed patronymic byname using masculine name *Nectan*, which was also a name of kings &/or sons of kings traditionally identified as Pictish. *Nectanos, Nechtan*, & *Naiton* are respectively the standardized classical, 6th C, & 8th C forms that appear in medieval sources. However, *Nectan* is also a standardized, medieval form of the name. [Ibid.] Yin does not know if the genitive & nominative cases are the same for *Nectan*. If they are, this name appears acceptable. Yin therefore forwards this name to Margaret Pelican in hopes that somebody in the College has additional information. It might be useful for reviewers to know that forms of the names *Nectan* and *son of Nectan* survived the apparently identifiable Pictish language/culture, giving rise to modern Scottish surnames *Nechtan*, *MacNachtan*, and their variants. Recordings include *Nectan escob Abberdeon* 1132 & *Nechten* 1230. *MacNachtan* is a modern Anglicized form of Gaelic *Mac Neachdainn* meaning "son of Neachdain," from Pictish *Nechtan*. The name *Gillecrist Mac Nachtan* was recorded in 1247 in a Scots or English context. *Drust* is also listed as a modern surname, but post-Pictish examples are not listed. [George F. Black, _The Surnames of Scotland_, New York: New York Public Library, 1996 reprint, c.f. *Nechtan, MacNachtan, and Drust,* respectively.] 5. _Ellisif in sleggja_, new name Ellisif wants a feminine name. She will not accept major changes. However, Ellisif specifically wishes to keep, change, or drop the article *in* based on whichever is most correct for this nickname. If the name must be changed, she cares most about its language/culture, presumably Old Norse. _*Ellisif*_ – Old Norse feminine given name [G. Fleck (aka Geir Bassi Haraldsson), "The Old Norse Name," in Studia Marklandica (series), Yggsalr Press: Olney, Maryland, 1977, p. 9]. _*in sleggja*_ – constructed Old Norse nickname meaning "the sledge hammer," possibly more typical for a man. The article *inn* or *in* meaning "the" is sometimes used for nicknames that are weak adjectives, but it is not used with nicknames that are strong adjectives. The source (Geir-Bassi), does not specifically address the use of articles with nicknames that are nouns. An article is currently included because it seems appropriate when the nickname is translated into modern English. The article *in* is used here because *sleggja* ends in "a," indicating a feminine weak ending. [Ibid. pp. 27, 6, 18-19 respectively.] Submitted as *Ellis_e_f in _S_leggja*, Yin initiated an email exchange with Ellisif to resolve a spelling discrepancy and better identify the reason for inserting *in* when the source does not include the article with this nickname. Apparently the misspelling in the given name was a transcription error on the part of Ellisif's consulting herald. Ellisif also indicated she did not care about capitalization, but thought an article belonged in the name. Yin changed the spellings and capitalization to match the source, but left the article on the principle that it is usually easier to delete than insert during word processing. 6. _Gabrielle de la Bourgogne_, new name Gabrielle wants a feminine name. She will not accept major changes. If minor changes are necessary, Gabrielle cares most about language/culture. Gabrielle is interested in having a name that is authentic for 1500-1550 Burgundy. _*Gabrielle*_ – feminine given name from masculine French name *Gabriel*. It was recorded for one woman in the 16th C Limousin region of France, which is the only instance the Academy of St. Gabriel found in 1999. (*Gabriel* appeared earlier, but its use was not common until late period.) [Lisa Mohr [(aka Elisabeth de Rossignol)], Academy of St. Gabriel Report 1660, Aug. 5, 1999, http://www.s-gabriel.org/1660, accessed July 26, 2006, based on: L. Perouas, B. Barri{'e}re, B. J. Boutier; J.-C. Peyronnet, & J. Tricard, _L{e'}onard, Marie, Jean et les Autres: Les Pr{e'}noms en Limousin depuis un Mill{e'}naire_, Paris: {e'}ditions du Centre National de la Recherch{e'} Scientifique, 1984.] Since distance influences the probability that a name from one place would be used elsewhere: at their closest approach, Limousin's eastern border is approximately 100-150 miles west of Burgundy's western border, if Yin read the scale correctly. If a single instance is insufficient support for *Gabrielle*, please consider that the name's construction is consistent with a period French naming practice of feminizing masculine given names. One can find Parisian examples of feminized masculine names from 1292 such as *Alainne* from *Alain*, *Asceline/Ascelinne* and the diminutive *Ascelot* from *Ascelin*, *Basile/Basille* from *Basyle* and its variants, *Beneoite/Benoite* from *Ben{e'}oit/Beneoit/Benoet/Benoiet*, *Blanche* from *Blanc*, *Chi{'e}re* from *Chieret* or its parent, *Climence/Clymence* from *Climen{c,}on/Climent/Clymen{c,}on/Clyment*, *Coleite/Col{'e}te/Colleite* from *Colet/Colin*, *Chrestienne/Crestienne* from *Chrestien/Crestien*, *Denise* from *Denis/Denyse*, *Elaisse* from *Elies/Elyes*, *Felise* from *Feliz/Felyse*, *Franqueite* from *Franque/Franquet*, *Germainne* from *Germain*, *Gil{'e}te/Gilleite* from *Gilet/Gillet*, apparently *Guibourc* from *Guibour*, *Guiote* from *Guiot*, *Helissent/Helyssent* possibly from *Helies/Helyes*, *Helouys/Heloys* possibly from *Helouyn*, *Hermineite* and possibly *Hermesent/Hermessent* from *Herment/Hermant*, *Jaqueline/Jaquelinne* and *Jaquelot* from *Jaque/Jaques* and its diminutives, *Jehane/Jehanne/Jehenne* and its diminutives *Jehannete/Jehannette/Jehannote* from *Jehan/Jehen* and its diminutives *Jehannin/Jehannot*, perhaps *Jo{c,}on* from *Jococ*, *Josse* from *Josson*, *Jourdenete* from *Jourdain*, *Juliane/Julienne* and its diminutive *Juliote* from *Julien*, *Lyonnette* from *Lyon/Lyonis*, *Maheut* possibly from *Mahi/Mahiet/Mahy/Mahyet*, *Martine* from *Martin*, *Michi{'e}le* from *Michiel*, possibly *Olive* from *Olivier*, *Pereite/Perrete/Perrote* from *Perrot*, *Perronele/Perronnele* from *Perrin*, *Philipote* from *Filippot/Phelipot/Phelippot*, *Reinne* possibly from *Renier*, *Rogerete* from *Rogerin/Rogier*, *Symonne* and its diminutive *Simmonete* from *Simon/Symon* and its diminutive *Simonnet/Symonet/Symonnet*, *Thomasse* from *Thomas/Tomas*, *Tyeceline* and possibly *Ty{'e}ce* from *Tyecelin*, and *Tyfainne/Typhainne* and its diminutives *Typhenete/Typhenon* from *Typheinne* [Scott Catledge (aka Colm Dubh), "An Index to the Given Names in the 1292 Census of Paris," 1996, 2005, http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/paris.html, accessed July 2006]. One can also find Parisian examples from 1421-1438 such as: *Collette* from *Colet*, *Denise* from *Denis* and their diminutive forms *Deniste/Denisette* from *Denisot/Denixost*, *Gervaise* from the parent form of *Gervaisot*, *Gillete* from *Gilet*, *Guillemette* from *Guillaume* and its variants/diminutives *Guillemin/Guillemot/Guillot*, *Guiote/Guiotte* from *Guiot*, *Jaquette* from *Jaquet*, *Jehanne* and its diminutive *Jehannette* from *Jehan*, the parent of diminutive *Juliote* from *Julien*, *Loyse* from *Loys/Louys*, *Martine* from *Martin*, *Nicole* "from" *Nicole*, *Oudine* from *Oudin*, *Perrette* from either *Perrot* or its parent, the diminutive *Phlipote* from the diminutives *Phlippot/Phillippot/Philippot*, *Symonne* from *Simon*, and *Thomasse* from *Thomas/Thommas* [Sara L. Friedemann (aka Aryanhwy merch Catmael), "French Names from Paris, 1421, 1423, & 1438," last updated June 2006, http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/french/paris1423.html, accessed July 2006.] _*de Bourgogne*_ – locative byname meaning "from Burgundy," which is a region in France. The Latinized spelling *Burgundie* and French spelling *Bourgogne* were recorded in the 12th C [Charles Cawley, "Central France," http://www.fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CENTRAL%20FRANCE.htm#MarieBloisdied1190, under THIBAUT IV 1102-1152, accessed July 2006]: MARIE de Blois (1128-11 Mar or 7 Aug [1190], bur Abbaye de Fontevrault). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "*Maria Burgundie ducissa, secunda Agnes Barri Ducis comitissa, tertia quedam ducissa in partibus remotis, hanc postea duxit Guilelmus Goez in dyocesi Carnotensi,quarta comitis Mathildis Pertici, quinta monialis Fontis Ebraldi, sexta Adela Francorum regina*" as the six daughters of "*comes Campanie Theobaldus*" [154]. Regent of Burgundy 1162-1165. After 1165 she became a nun at Fontevrault, Abbess 1174. A list of foundations at Troyes records the memory "*13 Mar*" of "*Marie fille du Thibaut comte de Champagne et femme d'Eudes duc de Bourgogne*", recording that she was buried at Fontevrault where she died "*le 11 de ce mois*" [155]. _m_ (1145) EUDES II Duke of Burgundy, son of HUGUES II "Borel/le Pacifique" Duke of Burgundy & his wife Mathilde de Mayenne (1118 or [1120]-27 Sep 1162, bur Cîteaux). … [154] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1152, MGH SS XXIII, p. 841. [155] Troyes Necrologies, 2 Obituaire de Saint-Etienne, III Fondations {e'}tablies en l'{e'}glise royale de Troyes, p. 271. The quote is from Charles Cawley's web posted "Medieval Lands Database," hosted by the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy [http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/Contents.htm, accessed July 2006]. Its information appears to be well researched, with numerous citations to primary & secondary sources. According to the bibliography posted at http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/Bibliog.htm, both of the above cited documents are primary sources, as published in: ** Alberic Trois Fontaines, Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium, Pertz, G. H. (ed.) MGH SS XXIII, pp. 631-950, Hannover, 1866, 1925 ** Troyes, Collection des principaux obituaires et confraternit{e'}s du diocese de Troyes, Lalore, C. (ed.), Troyes, 1882 Since the modern French place name spelling matches this particular 12th C spelling, Yin thinks the modern spelling was also used in the 16th C. Gabrielle's paperwork originally requested authenticity for 15th C Burgundy. During email correspondence , Yin learned Gabrielle specifically wants a name for a woman in 1500-1550 Burgundy (the first half of the 16th C). Yin updated the submission forms accordingly. 7. _Juliana Bouchannane_, new name and device Juliana wants a feminine name. She will accept any changes. If her name must be changed, Juliana cares most about an unspecified Scottish language/culture. Since Juliana specifically chose the reportedly Gaelic *Bouchannane* when she knew about the Anglicized *Buchanan*, Yin assumes Juliana cares about Scottish-Gaelic language/culture. Juliana will accept a holding name if necessary. _*Juliana*_ – feminine form of given name *Julian*, recorded in England with this spelling 1196-1220 & 1273, although its more common English form was *Julian* [E[lizabeth] G[idley] Withycombe, _Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names_, 3rd ed., Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1977, c.f. *Julian(a)*] Yin notes that *Julian* was recorded as a woman's name c.1288 in Scotland [Brian M. Scott (aka Talan Gwynek), "A List of Feminine Names Found in Scottish Records," last modified 2000, http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/scottishfem.html, accessed Aug. 13, 2006]. Since a popular form of the name used in England was used in Scotland, it seems plausible that *Juliana*, a slightly modified form, was also used in Scotland. _*Bouchannane*_ – Gaelic form of the Scottish surname *Buchanan*, said to mean "house of the canon." In 1225, the Earl of Lennox granted Clarinch, an Island in Loch Lomand, to Absolon or Anselan, son of MacBeth. He took his name from lands on the shore, and is recorded c.1224 as *Sir Absolon of Bouchannane*. [Donald Whyte, _Scottish Surnames and Families_, Finland: Werner Söderström OY, undated reprint of a book first published by Birlinn Ltd: Edinburgh, 1996, p. 36]. Yin surmises this eponymous person is the same person recorded as *Dominus Absolone de Buchkan*, c.1224, whose son Malcolm Macabsolon apparently was recorded as *Malcolm de Bougheannan* in 1296 [George F. Black, _The Surnames of Scotland_, New York: New York Public Library, 1996 reprint, c.f. *Buchanan*] This latter recording (*Bougheannan*) seems to further support the submitted spelling, but does not necessarily support that the spelling is Gaelic. If Yin understands the citations correctly, Black does not identify a Gaelic spelling (modern or otherwise) of the name. Yin wonders if the submitted form is actually Scots or, perhaps, an Anglicized version of a Gaelic name. If *Bouchannane* is actually Scots or Anglicized, the full, submitted name can probably be treated as Scots. If *Bouchannane* is really Scottish-Gaelic, Yin notes that combining either English or Scots elements with Gaelic elements in a name is registerable as one step from period practice [Feb. 2000 LoAR, http://sca.org/heraldry/loar/2000/02/00-02lar.html, c.f. Acceptances, Middle, Elspeth O'Shea; Oct. 1999 LoAR, http://sca.org/heraldry/loar/1999/10/lar.html, c.f. Acceptances, An Tir, Ian MacHenrik]. However, in this case it might be appropriate to reiterate here that such elements were recorded in period because, in checking documentation for the submitted name, Yin ran across an instance of such a recording: the French form, *Absolom*, of Hebrew name *Absalom* was popular in 12th & 13th C England [[E[lizabeth] G[idley] Withycombe, _Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names_, 3rd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977, c.f. *Absalom*]. Since the name does not appear in Yin's Irish-Gaelic name sources, she thinks it came to the Scots via England or France, and the Scots version was later combined with the Gaelic name *Bouchannane*. Yin further notes that *Julianam*, an accusative form of *Juliana*, appeared in an English context in 14th C Irish legal records about the Ormond family. Since these records include feminine names that mix Irish-Gaelic name elements with English name elements, it is plausible that, in an English context, *Juliana* was recorded with an Irish-Gaelic name element in the 14th C. [Heather Rose Jones (aka Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn), "Names and Naming Practices in the Red Book of Ormond (Ireland 14th Century)," 1999, http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/lateirish/ormond.html, accessed Aug. 13, 2006.] _*Purpure, on a chevron inverted argent three mullets of six azure, in chief a decrescent argent.*_ Regarding the device: Yin finds this blazon unsatisfactory because tertiary charges are blazoned before a secondary charge. However, the best alternative she formulated is worse in that it blazons a secondary charge before a primary charge and uses language that apparently has not been used in the SCA since the 1980s: *Purpure, a decrescent above a chevron inverted argent charged with three mullets of six azure.* The mullets really are a dark blue. But lighting or a slight variation in color settings can make them look almost black or, due to the field, very dark purple. 8. _Lisabetta del Noce_, new name Lisabetta wants a feminine name. She will not accept major changes. Lisabetta wants her name changed as necessary, within that stricture, to be authentic for 15th C Italy. _*Lisabetta*_ - feminine name recorded in Florence, Italy during the 14th &/or 15th C [Jo Lori Drake (aka Rhian Lyth of Blackmoor Vale), "Italian Renaissance Women's Names," 1995-2005, http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/italian.html, accessed May 11, 2006.] _*del Noce*_ - To quote the Academy of St. Gabriel [Josh Mittleman (aka Arval Benicoeur), Academy of St. Gabriel Report 1214, Aug. 26, 1998, http://www.s-gabriel.org/1214, accessed Aug. 20, 2006]: The surname is another fine choice. means "walnut" or "walnut tree", and was probably first used as a descriptive surname for someone who lived near a stand of walnut trees. We didn't actually find a period example of , but we did find a shorter form as a surname in modern Italy [3], and the similarly-formed "from/at the pine tree" is recorded in Florence in 1427 [4]. [3] Fucilla, Joseph G., _Our Italian Surnames_ (Evanston, IL: Chandlers' Inc., 1949), p.87. [4] Herlihy, David and Christiane Klapisch-Zuber, "Census and Property Survey of Florentine Domains in the Province of Tuscany, 1427-1480", Machine readable data file. Online Catasto of 1427 Version 1.1. Online Florentine Renaissance Resources: Brown University, Providence, R.I., 1996 http://swansong.stg.brown.edu/projects/catasto/overview.html 9. _Moyses de Mondello_, new name and device Moyses wants a masculine name. He will not accept major changes. If his name must be changed, Moyses cares most about its [unspecified] sound and its 16th C Italian language/culture. _*Moyses*_ - Jewish masculine name included in a Milanese notary record 1540-1570, in the name of *Moyses de Bassano de Pandino b Simone*. [Zachary Kessin (aka Yehoshua ben Haim haYerushalmi), "A sample of Jewish names in Milan 1540-1570," v.02, 2003, http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/yehoshua/milan_names.html, accessed Aug. 21, 2006.] _*de Mondello*_ - constructed locative byname meaning "of Mondello" based on a Sicilian town/city recorded with this spelling in 1554 [Andrea Hicks (aka Maridonna Benvenuti), "Mercator's Place Names of Italy in 1554, Southern Italy," March 2005, http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/maridonna/mercator/south.html, under *Sicilia*, accessed Aug. 21, 2006]. As has been stated many times, *da* is the typical Italian article for a locative byname. Yin was tempted to change the article to the more commonly used *da* because Moyses allows minor changes. However, *de* was also used and Moyses did not request changes for authenticity. To quote Mari Rowel's comment on an Artemisian July 2006 submission (Bianca Spirito de Fiorenza): Just as we have evidence of being used in an English name with an English placename, there is evidence of used in Italian names with an Italian placename. (Though was more common - especially towards the end of period.) For some examples, see my article "Italian Men's Names in Rome, 1473-1484". The byname list is available at: http://s-gabriel.scadian.net/names/mari/Studium/BynAlphaExamples.html ... Pietro da Capomaestri 10 Jul (22 Dec) 1483 97 Pietro da Chapomaestri 22 Mar (23 Dec) 1484 102 Pietro de Chapomaestri 22 Mar (25 Mar) 1484 102 Francescho de Chastello 19 Sep (01 Jul) 1482 91 Franchesco da Chastello ?30 Jun (22 Dec) 1483 97 Antonio da Genazano 22 Apr (02 Oct) 1483 96 Antonio da Gennazano 26 Mar (25 Mar) 1484 101 Antonio da Gianazano 16 Jul (22 Dec) 1483 98 Antonio de Gennazano 15 Nov (01 Oct) 1482 93 Antonio da Lucca 25 Apr (25 Apr) 1482 89 Antonio da Lucha 12 Jul (22 Dec) 1483 97 Antonio da Lucha 25 Aug (26 Mar) 1483 98 Antonio de Lucha 25 Nov (01 Oct) 1482 93 Simone da Lucha 30 May (22 May) 1482 90 Simone da Lucca 20 Aug (05 Aug) 1482 91 Simone da Lucha 02 Oct (15 Jun) 1482 92 Simone de Lucha 01 Dec (20 Nov) 1482 93 Simone de Lucha 10 Apr (09 Mar) 1483 95 Simone da Lucha 05 Mar (21 Feb) 1484 99 Antonio da Pinerolo (standardized) 1482 78-79 Antonio da Pinerolo 15 Mar (02 Oct) 1483 95 Antonio de Pinerolo 30 May (25 Apr) 1482 89 Giovanni da Trevigi 19 Sep (01 Jul) 1482 91 Giovanni da Treviso 25 Oct (15 Apr) 1482 92 Giovanni de Trevigi 24 Dec (02 Oct) 1482 94 Yin defers to Margaret Pelican regarding *da* vs. *de* in this name. _*Vert, in pale a rapier fesswise sinister and a cross of Calvary argent.*_ Regarding the device: Yin & Aurore have reservations about the base of the cross being so close to the shield's edges. However, it does not quite touch on the sinister side. We therefore think it is accidental that the corner touches on the dexter side. (Heralds aren't persona police, but Yin admits that she & Aurore immediately thought it strange a person with a Jewish name would bear arms that included a cross.) 10. _Roibeard mac Carthaigh_, new name Roibeard wants a masculine name. He will not accept major changes. Roibeard wants the name changed as necessary, within that stricture, to be an authentic 14th C Irish-Gaelic name. _*Roibeard*_ - [paraphrasing Aryanhwy's May 27, 2005 email message for the Academy] *Robert* was originally an English name. It was used by Scottish Gaels in the 14th C and by Irish Gaels in the 13th & 14th C. In references to Gaels in 13th & 14th C Irish sources, the name was spelled *Roibert* & *Roiberd*. The standardized medieval Gaelic spelling is *Roibeard*. [Josh Mittleman (aka Arval Bencoeur), Academy of St. Gabriel Report 2875, Oct. 31, 2004, http://www.s-gabriel.org/2875, accessed Aug. 21, 2006.] _*mac Carthaigh*_ - [again paraphrasing Aryanhwy] *MacCarthy* is a modern English-language surname derived from the Irish Gaelic byname *mac Carthaigh* "son of Carthach". ... From about 850 to 1200, the most likely spelling is *mac Carthaig* or *mac Carthaich*; after about 1200 the most likely spelling is *mac Carthaigh*. [[Alan Terlep] (aka Alan Fairfax), Academy of St. Gabriel Report 958, June 11, 1998, http://www.s-gabriel.org/958, accessed Aug. 21, 2006.] 11. _Tranquillo del Noce_, new name Tranquillo wants a masculine name. He will not accept major changes. If his name must be changed, Tranquillo cares most about an unspecified meaning (presumably, "a tranquil man who lives near a walnut stand/grove"). _*Tranquillo*_ - masculine given name of an instructor at the Studium Urbis, a civic university, in Rome. His standardized full name was recorded as *Tranquillo da Narni* in 1483 & 1484 [Kathleen M. O'Brien (aka Mari Elspeth nic Bryan), "Italian Men's Names in Rome, 1473-1484," v1.1, 2003, http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/Studium/, and the alphabetic list, v1.2, 2003, http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/Studium/GivenAlphaExamples.html.] _*del Noce*_ - To quote the Academy of St. Gabriel [Josh Mittleman (aka Arval Benicoeur), Academy of St. Gabriel Report 1214, Aug. 26, 1998, http://www.s-gabriel.org/1214, accessed Aug. 20, 2006]: The surname is another fine choice. means "walnut" or "walnut tree", and was probably first used as a descriptive surname for someone who lived near a stand of walnut trees. We didn't actually find a period example of , but we did find a shorter form as a surname in modern Italy [3], and the similarly-formed "from/at the pine tree" is recorded in Florence in 1427 [4]. [3] Fucilla, Joseph G., _Our Italian Surnames_ (Evanston, IL: Chandlers' Inc., 1949), p.87. [4] Herlihy, David and Christiane Klapisch-Zuber, "Census and Property Survey of Florentine Domains in the Province of Tuscany, 1427-1480", Machine readable data file. Online Catasto of 1427 Version 1.1. Online Florentine Renaissance Resources: Brown University, Providence, R.I., 1996 http://swansong.stg.brown.edu/projects/catasto/overview.html 12. _Valentina la Marcheande,_ new name and device Valentina wants a feminine name. She will not accept major changes. If her name must be changed, she cares most about the name's language/culture, presumably French. _*Valentina*_ – feminine given name recorded with this spelling in 1357 in France [Brian M. Scott (aka Talan Gwynek), "Late Period Feminine Names from the South of France," 1999, http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/latefrenchfem.html, accessed Aug. 18, 2006]. _*la Marcheande*_ – feminine form of occupational byname meaning "the merchant," recorded at least twice with this spelling in 1292 Paris [Scott Catledge (aka Colm Dubh), "Occupational By-Names in the 1292 Tax Role of Paris," 2000, 2005, http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/parisbynames.html, accessed Aug. 18, 2006]. Yin did not change the submitted name. However, she changed its documentation from articles in the _Medieval Names Archive_ to the same articles at the SCA website because the submission packet arrived without the necessary copies for non-SCA websites. (To avoid out-of-synch updates, Yin checked that the articles provided the same information for these specific names.) _*Gules, a brunette mermaid proper and on a chief doubly enarched argent a decrescent sable.*_ Regarding the device: The mermaid should be better centered on the field. However, Aurore checked Artemisian files for Yin. This mermaid's placement is at the edge of off-centered emblazons that have been registered, but it is not quite over that edge. So, it's Jean Wreath's call. At one time in the SCA, such chiefs were blazoned as "double arched." However, blazons since 2005 seem to use "doubly enarched." 13. _Victor Davidson_, new name Victor wants a masculine name. He will not accept major changes. Victor wants his name changed as necessary, within this stricture, to make it authentic for 13th C England. _*Victor*_ - masculine name from Latin word *victor* "conqueror." Name of an early Pope & several martyrs. *Victor* was apparently recorded with this spelling in the 1200 & 1203 Curia Regis Rolls & once in 1585. [E[lizabeth] G[idley] Withycombe, _Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names_, 3rd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977, c.f. *Victor*] _*Davidson*_ - surname that evolved from a patronymic meaning "son of David," recorded as *Davyson* 1327, *Davideson* 1350, & *Daveson* 1500. [P. H. Reaney and R. M. Wilson, _Dictionary of English Surnames_, 3rd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997, c.f. *Davidson*]. Recorded as *Davidson* 1408 & 1430 in Scotland [George F. Black, _The Surnames of Scotland_, New York: New York Public Library, 1996 reprint, c.f. *Davidson*.] Considering the closeness of the Scots and English languages, the submitted modern spelling is plausible for a period name. Yin notes the given name *David* was recorded with this spelling in 1086, 1196-1220, 1285, and 1375. [Withycombe, c.f. *David*]. This spelling seems to be established well enough that *Davidson* might be a fairly early spelling for the patronymic. However, the only examples of "son" names that Yin found in the 13th C were *Jonessone* 1287 and *le Smythessone* 1296 (respectively early forms of *Johnson* and *Smithson*) during her quick check. The earliest she found was *Carleson* 1066, although this surname apparently developed into *Carl* rather than *Carlson* in England. Yin also checked *Anderson, Christison, Christopherson, Danson, Davyson, Denison, Dickenson, Donaldson, Edwardson, Georgeson, Gibson, Gillson, Hanson, Hobson, Mileson, Nicholson, Nickson, Polson, Simonson, Simpson, Stephenson/Stevenson, Stewardson, Thomason, Thompson, Peterson, Richardson, Roberston, Wilson*, and *Williamson*. She found that Reaney & Wilson's earliest examples for these names date from the 14th C or later. With exception of *Davyson* noted above, the examples through the 14th C, and sometimes later, all seem to include an "e" before &/or after "son," and some of those early examples also use a double "s." [Reaney & Wilson, c.f. listed header names.] Based on this documentation, Yin thinks the an authentic spelling for a 13th C version of this name might be *Victor Davidesson* or *Victor Davyson*. However, she might be too pessimistic about support for dropping the "es" in *Davidesson*. 14. _William of the Longsword_, new name William wants a masculine name. He will accept any changes. If his name must be changed, William cares most about its English language/culture. William wants his name changed as necessary to be an authentic 11th C English name. _*William*_ - masculine English name that originated with the Old German name *Wilahelm*, which became *Guilielm* and then *Guillaume* in French, and then was brought to England by the Normans in the 11th C. It has since been one of the most common names in England. The name was recorded as *Willelm* 1067, Latinized *Willemus* 1086, *Wilecoc* 1273, and *Wylmot* 1379. [E[lizabeth] G[idley] Withycombe, _Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names_, 3rd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977, c.f. *William*.] The name was recorded as *William* in 1166 & 1279 [P. H. Reaney and R. M. Wilson, _Dictionary of English Surnames_, 3rd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997, c.f. *Longspey* & *William*, respectively]. _*of the Longsword*_ - constructed byname based on William's favorite weapon. Yin notes that an English surname, *Longspey/Longspy* is based on "long sword" from Old English *lang* and Old French *espee*. But examples of this byname/surname's use do not include an article and do not constitute a prepositional phrase. The earliest listed example is *William Lungespy* 1196. Other examples include *Longespee* 1219; *Langspey* & *Longspey* 1298, and *Longspy* 1375. [Ibid, c.f. *Longspey*.] Since the Normans spoke French when they came to England in the 11th C, French surnames might also be relevant. However, French surnames *Long{e'}p{e'}e* and *Longu{e'}p{e'}e* do not help much because they apparently are very late or post-period names. Their origin is described as: "longue {e'}p{e'}e" surnom donn{e'} par les bourgeois à des traineure de rapi{'e}re (v. Sacqu{e'}p{e'}e) [Albert Dauzat, _Dictionnaire {e'}tymologique des noms de famille et pr{e'}noms de France_, Paris: Librairie Larousse, 1951, c.f. *Long*]. Based on Babelfish translation results, the passage translates as: 'long sword' a nickname middle-class people gave to rapier instructors. (As Yin understands it, the rapier developed around the 16th C or so.) At best, these names might support a parallel development in England and France for surnames in which a word for "long" is the basis of the first syllable. The most authentic early name, based on the above information, appears to be *William Lungespy*, which would be 12th C, but maybe not 11th C. Yin defers to Margaret Pelican for changing the name in hopes that somebody has better information for constructing an authentic 11th C version. COLLECTED MINI-EMBLAZONS A page of collected mini-emblazons is available through http://www.ida.net/users/valerie_lee/GoldenPillar/GoldenPillarLoI.html ALL DONE Thank you in advance for your kind attention and careful consideration. Completed and mechanically signed Aug. 22, 2006. Yin Mei Li Chu Fu, acting Golden Pillar Herald (mka Valerie Putman) 435 Evans Idaho Falls, ID 83402-5023 (208) 529-2685 yinmeili@ida.net