Aaron de Paladin, new device
Gules a chevron inverted per pale Or and sable between a lion's mask and two swords Or.
Yin returned Aaron's first submission, Gules a chevron inverted per pale Or and sable between a lion's mask and a sword and arrow Or, because it has three types of charges in the secondary charge group (lion's mask, sword, & arrow), which is contrary to RfS VII.1.a:
… As another guideline, three or more types of charges should not be used in the same group.["Rules for Submissions of the College of Arms of the Society for Creative Anachronism, Inc," March 28, 2004, c.f. VII.1.a, http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/rfs.html.]
Aaron's second design resolved the original problem by replacing the arrow with a sword.
However, during kingdom-level review, Gawain Green Anchor & Aryanhwy Albion commented that the inverted chevron was much too shallow as then drawn. Gawain graciously illustrated a more correct chevron for this device, which Yin forwarded to Aaron. Aaron then asked Yin to redraw his device using the illustration. The change provided room to move the swords up slightly so that they no longer touch the edge of the shield. This redraw is submitted here.
Alessandra Gianetta da Siena, new device
Azure, on a pile argent in pale three cinquefoils azure.
Alessandra's name was resubmitted on the Artemisian Letter of Intent dated Aug. 22, 2006. She will accept a holding name if necessary to register this device. That is, of course, assuming the time disparity between these two submissions does not prevent such an assignment.
During kingdom-level review, Gawain Green Anchor commented that Alessandra's original pile was too broad. He illustrated a more typical, medieval pile, which Yin used to ask Alessandra if she wanted to (a) proceed with her original depiction that might or might not get returned or (b) have Yin redraw the pile as Gawain suggested. Alessandra opted for the redraw, which is submitted here.
Elyas Tigar, new name & device
Elyas wants a masculine name. He will accept any changes. If his name must be changed, he cares most about its sound. Elyas will accept a holding name.
Elyas – spelling variant of a masculine name that was popular in the Middle Ages. Based on Hebrew masculine name Elijah, it was recorded with this spelling in England in 1303 [E{lizabeth} G{idley} Withycombe, Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names, 3rd ed., Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1977, c.f. Elijah]. It was also recorded in England with this spelling in 1194, 1212, 1255, & 1294 [P. H. Reaney and R. M. Wilson, Dictionary of English Surnames, 3rd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997, c.f. Whitworth, Ellis, Iremonger, Webb, Iremonger]. Yin concludes that the spelling variant persisted because she found a listing for a will of Elyas Garland of Sevenoaks, Kent that was dated, filed, or probated on June 30, 1625 ["The National Archives, Records of the UK government from Domesday to the Present," under Home > Search the archives > DocumentsOnline, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/, accessed Sept. 15, 2006, found by searching for a will with the name Elyas].
Tigar - modern form of English surname that developed from OF tigier, OG thiodger, "people-spear." Recorded in England in a Latinized form, Tigerus 1086 & in an English form Tygre 1319. [Reaney and Wilson, c.f. Tigar.] The animal name was spelled tigar in a 1586 document [Compact Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Clarenden Press, 1996 reprint, c.f. tiger] It seems reasonable that, in the late 16th century, the sound-alike surname could also be spelled Tigar.
The full name's submitted spelling seems reasonable for the late 16th C, with just 39 years between spellings for the two words.
Per chevron inverted gules and sable, a winged sword and three decrescents argent .
Regarding the device, Aryanhwy commented that it has three types of secondary charges (sword, wings, & decrescents), which is cause for return. However, in the time she had, Yin did not find a ruling to indicate whether or not a winged object is a single charge. Adding wings to a beast creates a monster, but what does such an artistic motif do to an inanimate object? Other experienced heralds Yin consulted could not agree. These discussions also included winged body parts (cherub's heads, hearts, feet) in an unsuccessful attempt to draw parallels. The disparate opinions include:
- A winged object should be treated similarly to a monster formed by adding wings to a beast; it should be a single charge.
- There is a distinction between fauna/human & non-fauna. Adding body parts from fauna to other fauna is very different from adding the same body parts to non-fauna. A winged bear is a monster, but a winged book is two conjoined charges.
- If period heraldry includes winged objects as charges, supporters, or the like, then winged objects should be treated in the same manner they were treated in period. If said treatment is not obvious, we should treat them in the same manner as winged beasts (specifically, as a single charge). Otherwise, a winged object is two conjoined charges.
- A body part is part of fauna or humans or monsters. A winged body part is, therefore, part of a monster, counting as a single charge. The use of cherubs in heraldry supports such treatment because a cherub is sometimes considered a monster & often depicted as a winged, child's head.
- Winged body parts are winged objects because the body part could not live separated from the rest of its body. However, a cherub probably must be considered an exception.
Yin was unable to easily check all precedents because www.farreaches.org, with François la Flamme's draft precedents, was unavailable at the time. Yin therefore checked an on-line O&A to see if past registrations would provide insight. Seven items have been registered in which one charge group included a winged object & another charge. However, the most recent such registration (2005) is not helpful because the winged object is a cherub. Other such registrations are much older. Respective LoARs did not include comments regarding the winged object's charge count, complexity, or appropriateness.
- Quarterly azure and argent, a cross invected counterchanged between in bend two blonde cherub's faces proper, winged argent, and in bend sinister two fleurs-de-lys gules [July 2005 LoAR, c.f. Acceptances - Atenveldt - Silvia la Cherubica di Viso, http://sca.org/heraldry/loar/2005/07/05-07lar.html].
- Gules, a Latin cross bottony between in bend two pairs of compasses and in bend sinister two winged grenades Or [August 1996 LoAR, c.f. Acceptances - Atlantia - Joseph of Aberdeen, http://sca.org/heraldry/loar/1996/08/lar.html].
- Azure, two compass stars argent and a sword argent, hilted gules, winged Or, a bordure argent [June 1992 LoAR, c.f. Acceptances - East - Ariel of Alon, http://sca.org/heraldry/loar/1992/06/lar.html].
- Per chevron inverted purpure and Or, a chevron inverted counterchanged Or and sable between a crescent Or and a winged seeblatt purpure [November 1991 LoAR, c.f. Acceptances - Meridies - Ruth Freespirit, http://sca.org/heraldry/loar/1991/11/lar.html].
- Per bend sinister wavy argent and azure, a winged torch, wings elevated and addorsed, and a winged bull rampant counterchanged [May 1989 LoAR, c.f. Acceptances - East - Adin Tinkar, http://sca.org/heraldry/loar/1989/05/lar.html].
- Per chevron gules and sable, a battle-axe bendwise sinister, a warhammer bendwise Or, and a winged helmet argent [February 1982 LoAR, c.f. Acceptances - Caid - Sieglinde von der Hohenwüste, http://sca.org/heraldry/loar/1982/02/82-02lar.htm].
- Per chevron inverted and enhanced azure and vert, in chief a cross of fire rayonny proper, debruised by two lightning-flashes in saltire argent, in base a winged war-hammer Or [August 1979 LoAR, c.f. Acceptances - Atenveldt - Ragnarr Thorwaldsson, http://sca.org/heraldry/loar/1979/Heraldicon/acceptances.htm].
Considering the disagreement & her inability to resolve it quickly at the time, Yin is sending this device to Jean Wreath. Perhaps this is an issue that would benefit from a more up-to-date ruling.
Ivegard Sask, resubmitted device
Per pale azure and vert, a horse salient between three mullets of four points argent.
Laurel registered Ivegard Sask in Dec. 2004 via the Middle. At that time, Laurel also returned Ivegard's original device submission, Vert, on a fess between two horses galloping argent a yew branch reversed vert fructed gules, for the excessively naturalistic posture of the horses. [Dec. 2004 LoAR, c.f. Returns - Middle - Ivegard Sask, http://www.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2004/12/04-12lar.html.]
This resubmission is a complete redesign.
Kingdom-level reviewers commented that the mullets should be larger, but thought the device registerable with a recommendation. Yin's attempts to contact Ivegard about this concern were unsuccessful. Yin therefore did not revise Ivegard's emblazon.
Jadwiga Zawadzka, new device
Per pale embattled argent and gules, a bull rampant and in pale two spurs counterchanged.
In the SCA, the default orientation for a spur is "palewise, rowel to chief" ["Glossary of Terms As Used By The College of Arms of the Society for Creative Anachronism, Inc.," 2003, c.f. Default Postures, http://www.sca.org/heraldry/coagloss.html.]
Laurel registered Jadwiga Zawadzka in Oct. 2005 via the West.
Jadwiga Zawadzka, new badge
(Fieldless) A bull rampant gules maintaining a spur argent.
In the SCA, the default orientation for a spur is "palewise, rowel to chief" ["Glossary of Terms As Used By The College of Arms of the Society for Creative Anachronism, Inc.," 2003, c.f. Default Postures, http://www.sca.org/heraldry/coagloss.html.]
Laurel registered Jadwiga Zawadzka in Oct. 2005 via the West.
Kentigern Cameron the Owle, new name & device
Kentigern did not mark any preference/request boxes. However, if it becomes absolutely necessary to eliminate an element to register his name, Kentigern prefers to be Kentigern the Owle.
Kentigern – Anglicized version of masculine Gaelic name Ceanntighern & Welsh Cyndeyrn. Popular in 16th & 17th C Scotland where it was recorded with this spelling in 1523, 1534, 1537, & 1557 [George F. Black, The Surnames of Scotland, New York: New York Public Library, 1996 reprint, c.f. Kentigern].
Cameron - Scottish surname that developed from a locative byname in the Lowlands &, in the Highlands, from a clan name based on a Gaelic descriptor, cam-shròn meaning "wry" or "hook-nose." Recorded in its Anglicized form as Camron in 1628, the clan name is not the clan's hereditary surname. The Lowland name was recorded as Cameron in 1434, 1454, 1455, 1470, & 1532. The Lowland surname was also recorded as Camron in 1474. [ibid, c.f. Cameron.] Although the Lowland & Highland names were separate in period, the Lowland name's spellings probably provide a reasonable indication of spellings that might have been used for Anglicized versions of the Highland clan name & the nickname from which it developed.
Yin notes that, in period, one would expect the Anglicized given name "Kentigern" to be followed by an Anglicized Gaelic patronymic. The Highland clan name/surname therefore seems more applicable here. However, period Scottish-Gaelic name were usually recorded without inclusion of a clan name [Sharon L. Krossa, "SCA Conflict Clearing for Highland Names," 2006, http://www.medievalscotland.org/names/sca/conflicthighland.shtml, c.f. But where's the Clan Name?]. Perhaps it is possible a Scots or English clerk could record a Highlander's clan name for a surname rather than the Highlander's patronymic byname. In such a case, Kentigern Cameron is simply an Anglicized version of what the clerk knew about Kentigern's name & affiliations. Alternatively, Cameron might be viewed as Kentigern's Anglicized Gaelic nickname, which a recording clerk knew & used in place of a patronymic byname that the clerk did not know.
the Owle – a descriptive byname based on a primary charge of the device submitted with this name. In another sense, the byname construction might be considered as having the same, not identified, basis as the byname meaning "owl" that developed into English surname Owles. The English surname was recorded as Owle in 1524. [P. H. Reaney and R. M. Wilson, Dictionary of English Surnames, 3rd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997, c.f. Owles.]
Yin did not find a Scottish surname based on or sounding like "owl." Yin also notes that none of the Irish-Gaelic descriptive bynames/nicknames listed at http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/AnnalsIndex/DescriptiveBynames/ are anything like "owl" & none would be placed after a Scottish clan name by a person speaking Scottish-Gaelic [Krossa]. However, what would an English or Scots clerk do if he needed to identify two Scottish-Gaelic men of the same name in a single document? It seems possible this hypothetical clerk could include in the name of one of them an emblem that he used. The submitted name construction might, therefore, be defensible.
The full name, as submitted, is somewhat problematic. It could be viewed as the combination of an Anglicized Gaelic given name, Anglicized Gaelic descriptive nickname, & English descriptive nickname/byname; or as an Anglicized Gaelic given name, Anglicized Gaelic clan name, & English descriptive nickname/byname; or as an Anglicized Gaelic given name, Scots locative surname, & English descriptive byname. Yin notes that our rules read, "As a rule of thumb, languages should be used together only if there was substantial contact between the cultures that spoke those languages, and a name should not combine more than three languages. Each name as a whole should be compatible with the culture of a single time and place." ["Rules for Submissions of the College of Arms of the Society for Creative Anachronism, Inc," March 28, 2004, c.f. III.1.a, http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/rfs.html]
Yin emailed Kentigern about her concerns for this name. He replied that he will accept Kentigern the Owle, if absolutely necessary.
Or, an owl gules perched on and sustained by an anvil within a bordure potenty sable.
Regarding this device: One reviewer indicated the bordure was about half as wide as it should be. However, if one copies the heater shield, reduces it to 80% & then centers the reduced copy on top of the original, it is evident that Kentigern's bordure occupies slightly more than 20% (one-fifth) of the field. To quote Parker, "Bordure, (fr.) or Border: this bearing, which is reckoned among the sub-ordinaries, occupies one-fifth of the field" [James Parker, "A Glossary of Terms Used in Heraldry," 1894, coded by Saitou 2000, last modified by Jim Trigg 2004, http://www.heraldsnet.org/saitou/parker/index.htm, c.f. bordure, accessed Oct. 9, 2006]. As an experiment, Yin produced a bordure potenty by manipulating electronic copies of Kentigern's device & using reductions of the heater shield's outline based on the one-fifth dimension Parker identified. (The reductions were, therefore, 93.33%, 86.66% & 80.00%.) The result appears thin compared to a solid bordure, but that seems to be the nature of a complex line compared to a straight line of division. Unless one compensates for the part of the field that shows through the complex line, such bordures will appear thin. The experiment result is also very slightly thinner than the bordure Kentigern drew freehand at an outdoors consulting table. This bordure as submitted therefore seems acceptable to Yin.
One reviewer indicated that, given the original coloring, it was difficult to decide if this owl was asleep or awake. Yin therefore regenerated new forms from the electronic copy of an uncolored emblazon that Kentigern supplied. With Kentigern's consent, Yin colored the regenerated forms in a manner that better delineates certain details.
Luveday de Salford, new name & device
Luveday wants a feminine name. If it must be changed, she cares most about its 13th C English language/culture. Luveday will accept a holding name.
Luveday – recorded with this spelling in 1205, this English name was given to children of either gender born on a Medieval day appointed for a meeting of enemies, litigants, etc. with a view to settling disputes. The modern form, which survived in Cornwall, is considered feminine. [E{lizabeth} G{idley} Withycombe, Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names, 3rd ed., Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1977, c.f. Loveday.]
de Salford - locative byname recorded with this spelling in 1326 & 1351-2 in England. Also recorded as de Saleford in 1215-16. [P. H. Reaney and R. M. Wilson, Dictionary of English Surnames, 3rd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997, c.f. Salford]. Several English places are recorded with the modern spelling, Salford, c. 1086 [A. D. Mills, Oxford Dictionary of English Place-Names, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998, c.f. Salford, Salford Priors].
Per chevron inverted Or and azure, a tree vert and three gouttes argent.
Regarding the device: In the middle ages, gouttes were typically drawn with a wavy tail. However, Yin concludes from the following precedent that tear-drop shaped gouttes appeared at least a few times in period:
While there are some period exemplars of gouttes shaped like a modern tear drop, the majority of period evidence shows them to look much more like a thin drop with a wavy tail. Those gouttes are not voidable or eligible for X.4.a.ii. Therefore, effective the January 1997 Laurel meeting... gouttes will not be considered voidable charges, nor will they be eligible for X.4.a.ii. [Aug. 1996 LoAR, c.f. Acceptances - Caid - Marie Elaine de Womwell, http://www.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1996/08/lar.html.]
Gouttes argent are alternatively blazoned as gouttes d'eau. However, Yin has heard that such a phrase is post-period. Further, Luveday probably prefers to use gouttes argent for more consistency with her badge's blazon (see next item).
Luveday de Salford, new badge
(Fieldless) A goutte per pale argent and azure.
The name Luveday de Salford is submitted as summarized in the immediately previous item.
Regarding the badge: In the middle ages, gouttes were typically drawn with a wavy tail. However, Yin concludes from the following precedent that tear-drop shaped gouttes appeared at least a few times in period:
While there are some period exemplars of gouttes shaped like a modern tear drop, the majority of period evidence shows them to look much more like a thin drop with a wavy tail. Those gouttes are not voidable or eligible for X.4.a.ii. Therefore, effective the January 1997 Laurel meeting... gouttes will not be considered voidable charges, nor will they be eligible for X.4.a.ii. [Aug. 1996 LoAR, c.f. Acceptances - Caid - Marie Elaine de Womwell, http://www.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1996/08/lar.html.]
Marius Tiberius Montanus, new name & device
Marius wants a masculine name. He will not accept major changes. However, if absolutely necessary for registration, he will accept reordering of the name elements. If the name must be changed, Marius cares most about its Roman language/culture. Marius will accept a holding name.
Submitted as Marius Tibērius Montānus (or Marius Tib{e-}rius Mont{a-}nus), Yin deleted the macrons because Athenais Bryennissa, who is currently taking a Latin class, assured that the macrons indicate pronunciation & were not used in period for Roman names. Yin also deleted macrons from passages she quotes here because she assumes CoA reviewers are like other people elsewhere: some lack fonts that support macrons.
Please note, dates that appear in brackets ([]) for famous Romans were obtained from Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://www.wikipedia.org/, on Oct. 19, 2006.
Marius – name of a celebrated Roman who was elected Consul of the Roman Republic seven times before he died in 86 BCE [F. A. Wright, Lemprière's Classical Dictionary of Proper Names mentioned in Ancient Authors Writ Large, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, pp. 355-357, c.f. Marius]. Born in 157 BCE & also known as Gaius Marius or G. Marius, this man was an uncle of Gaius Julius Caeser.
Yin notes that Marius was a nomen used between 107 & 82 BCE according to Livy's The Early History of Rome [(aka Meradudd Cethin), "Names and Naming Practices of Regal and Republican Rome," 2005, c.f. nomen, http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/roman/index.html]. Having died in 17 AD, Livy would not have known about other famous Romans with this nomen. In addition to the above noted Gaius Marius, At least 20 men who bore the name between 216 BCE & 268 AD became famous enough to be identified in surviving Roman histories. Although the most recent was an emperor (Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Marius Augustus 268 AD) such men include authors, a governor, grammarians, historians (including Marius Maximus 217 AD), a juridicial expert, a philosopher, politicians & a praetor. ["Who was who in Roman Times: {list of persons by} Roman Functions," 2006, http://www.romansonline.com/Funct_r.asp, accessed Sept. 15, 2006.]
As Atlicus commented, Marius was also used as a masculine given name in the Byzantine Empire during the 6th & 7th C [Berret Chavez (aka Bardas Xiphias), "Common Names of the Aristocracy in the Roman Empire During the 6th and 7th Centuries: Masculine Names Alphabetically, " 1995 & 2005, http://sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/byzantine/PLRE_masc_names.html, accessed Oct. 15, 2006]. Such later use in Imperial Rome's successor supports the hypothesis that the name element Marius was popular enough to have survived in other areas heavily influenced by the Imperial Roman Empire.
Tiberius - the name of a famous Roman emperor born in 42 BCE who was stepson & successor of Augustus. Several other noble Romans also bore the name. [Wright, c.f. Tiberius.] Tiberius is a prænomen that would have been used throughout most of the Roman Republic period [Meradudd, c.f. prænomen]. "Who was who in Roman times" lists 22 men who bore the name between 470 BCE & 167 AD & became famous enough to be identified in surviving Roman histories. The most recent, Tiberius Claudius Pompeianus, is categorized as a procurator/prefect/satrap/governor/proconsul. A century earlier, consul Tiberius Catius Aconius Silius Italicus flourished in 66 AD. There was also a servant Tiberius Claudius who became famous but who is listed without a date.
As Atlicus commented, Tiberius was also used as a masculine given name in the Byzantine Empire during the 6th & 7th C [Chavez]. Such later use in Imperial Rome's successor supports the hypothesis that the name element Tiberius was popular enough to have survived in other areas heavily influenced by the Imperial Roman Empire.
Montanus - the name of a poet who wrote in hexameter & elegiac verse, of an orator under Vespasian [d. 79 AD], of a favorite of Messalina [d. 48 AD], & of a senator whom Domitian [d. 96 AD] consulted about the boiling of a turbot [Wright, c.f. Montanus]. Montanus is a cognomen recorded for somebody in 454 BCE [Meradudd, c.f. cognomen] "Who was who in Roman times" lists military man Alpinius Montanus 69 AD, theologician Montanus 156 AD, & politicians Curtius Montanus 79 AD, Julius Montanus 56 AD, & Traulus Montanus 48 AD.
As Atlicus noted & Yin further developed, Montanus probably also works as a family branch name (agnomen) or even as a locative byname for somebody from a mountainous area or who lived on a mountain. The University of Notre Dame's on-line Latin-English dictionary lists, "montanus -a -um [of a mountain , or mountainous]; m. as subst. [a mountaineer]; n. pl. as subst. [mountainous country]" ["English to Latin," University of Notre Dame Archives, c.f. mountain > montanus http://www.archives.nd.edu/cgi-bin/lookdown.pl ]. Therefore, it is plausible that Montanus would be used in names at the end of Imperial Rome & even afterwards.
Yin assumes that a late Imperial Roman name or barely post-Imperial Roman name is registerable. However, the closest applicable precedent Yin found was:
Some questions were raised about the suitability of registering this name, since it is a proto-Irish name. However, this name is contemporaneous with Romano-British names which we register. Furthermore, proto-Irish bears the same relationship to medieval Irish as late Latin does to the Romance languages. Both are only one step removed from their medieval counterparts, as opposed to, Pharaonic Egyptian, which we do not register. (Esugenas maqqas Moridaci avvi Cremutanni, 1/98 p. 2) ["Precedents of the S.C.A. College of Arms, The Tenure of Jaelle of Armida", 2002, c.f. Name Rulings - Domain of the Society, http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/precedents/jaeprec.html.]
Also of concern is that Tiberius, which seems to be documentable only as a prænomen, appears as the second element. This order (nomen - prænomen - cognomen) is not consistent with the tria nomina system of the Roman Republic nobility (prænomen - nomen - cognomen). This order also is not consistent with imperial Roman names that consisted of a nomen followed by one or more congnomi. [Academy of St. Gabriel report 2206, Jan. 26, 2001, http://www.s-gabriel.org/2206, accessed Sept. 15, 2006.] However, a confusion of names & name orders grew with time, & was very evident in imperial Rome. "By another change, a word might go out of use as a praenomen and appear as a nomen: Cicero’s enemy Lucius Sergius Catilona [d.62 BCE] had for his nomen gentile Sergius, which had once been a praenomen." [Harold Whetstone Johnston, The Private Life of the Romans, revised by Mary Johnston, Scott, Foresman and Company, 1903; 1932, c.f. Chapter 2 §56, http://www.forumromanum.org/life/johnston_2.html, accessed Sept. 15, 2006.]
Each of these name elements was in use a considerable time after the establishment of Imperial Rome (31 BCE) & could even have been used in late Imperial Rome. The submitted name might be acceptable as an Imperial Roman name strongly influenced by the above mentioned confusion. Yin therefore did not change the name to Tiberius Marius Montanus, which change Marius specifically allows.
Per bend sinister argent and gules, a mullet of four greater and four lesser points counterchanged.
Regarding this device: Yin notes that the mullet might also be blazoned as a compass star, which phrase seems to be more common in the SCA. However, Yin did not think it necessary to change Marius' blazon at kingdom level.
Orianna de Poitou, new name & device
Orianna wants a feminine name & will not accept major changes. If her name must be changed, she cares most about its spelling & about its French/English language/culture. Within these strictures, Orianna wants her name changed to be authentic for the 14th C.
Orianna - proposed spelling variant of feminine English name Oriana recorded for an Englishwoman who was excommunicated in 1602 [E{lizabeth} G{idley} Withycombe, Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names, 3rd ed., Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1977, c.f. Oriana]. In support of the double "n," please consider the names Anabel 1204 & Annabel 1260; Annes 1176 & Anice 1275 & Anneys 1296; and Anot 1275 & Annot 1327 [P. H. Reaney and R. M. Wilson, Dictionary of English Surnames, 3rd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997, c.f. Annable, Annas, Annatt].
de Poitou - locative byname meaning "from the French region/county of Poitou." The best examples Yin found for this byname use standardized spellings, probably because they quote modern translations of 12th C documents [Charles Cawley, "[Medieval Lands,] Aquitaine Dukes," 2006, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/AQUITAINE.htm, c.f. Chapter 6, accessed Sept 15, 2006]. However, that does not necessarily mean the standardized spelling is not period.
m (935) ADELA [Gerloc] de Normandie, daughter of ROBERT I [Rollo] Comte [de Normandie] and his [second] wife Popa [de Bayeux] (-after 969). Guillaume de Jumièges names "Guillaume et…Gerloc" as children of Rollo and Poppa, in a later passage recording her marriage to "Guillaume comte de Poitou"[204]. ...
AGNES de Poitou ([1048]-after 13 Jun 1089). She is named as daughter of "Guillaume de Poitou" in a charter of Pignerol 26 Oct 1078[298]. Out of the three possible "Guillaume de Poitou" to whom this could refer, Guillaume VII [V] is the most likely possibility. ...
Orderic Vitalis recounts that "Hildegarde Ctss de Poitou" complained to the synod of Reims, held in Oct 1119 by Pope Calixtus II, that her husband had abandoned her for "Malberge wife of the vicomte de Châtellerault"[343]. ...
[204] WJ II.12, p. 47, and III.3, p. 65. ...
[298] Carutti, Domenico Regesta comitum Sabaudiae marchionum in Italia ab ultima stirpis origine ad an. MDCCLIII, Biblioteca Storica Italiana t. V (Torino, 1889), p. 70. ...
[343] Orderic Vitalis, Vol. VI, Book XII, p. 259.Of which references 204 & 343 respectively are more fully cited as indicated below [Charles Cawley, "Medieval Lands Bibliography," 2006, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/Bibliog.htm, c.f. France - primary sources - chronicles; & http://www.amazon.com/]:[WJ II & III =] Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni 2 vols, Elizabeth M. C. van Houts (ed. and trans.), Oxford: Oxford Medieval Texts; Oxford University Press, 1992-95.
Orderic Vitalis, The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis 6 vols, Marjorie Chibnall (ed. and trans.), Oxford: Oxford Medieval Texts; Oxford University Press, 1969-80.According to amazon.com & wikipedia.org, these authors lived in the 12th C: William of Jumièges (c.1100), Orderic Vitalis (1075-c.1142) & Robert of Torigni (d.1186).
Yin notes that the submission form references, but does not attach, Academy of St. Gabriel report 2986 (http://www.s-gabriel.org/2986). Yin used the report as a starting point, but needed a somewhat different strategy because Orianna did not incorporate any of the report's recommendations & because spelling is so important to Orianna.
- The Academy did not recommend "Orianna" in any spelling because the only example they found was the afore-mentioned, excommunicated, "Oriana." The Academy instead suggested a near sound-alike French name.
- Of more significance, the Academy had "not found any example of <de Poitou>; all our examples are of the ethnic style byname." Based on the examples they found, they recommended Orianna "use <la Poitevine> or <la Poitevyne>, instead of <de Poitou>."
Purpure, a feather bendwise sinister argent and four fleurs de lys conjoined to the points of a base indented Or.
Regarding this device: In the original emblazon, the fleurs were elevated above the base indented. Kingdom-level reviewers confirmed Yin's impression that the placement was very difficult to emblazon. Orianna approved via email an illustrated suggestion to move the fleurs so that they touched the base, which apparently is how she always thought of them. Yin therefore redrew the emblazon & regenerated the submission form.
Rochelle de la Mer, new name & device
Rochelle wants a feminine name. She will not accept any changes, but Rochelle will accept a holding name.
Rochelle – legal given name as shown on an Idaho identification card attached to form. Issued by the State of Idaho, this card is used in lieu of a driver's license for identification purposes only. Aryanhwy noted that the name should not be obtrusive because it sounds much like Rachel, a documentable name. Yin assumes Aryanhwy refers to the feminine Jewish name in its various forms such as appeared in the 12th & 13th C in Strasbourg & Allemagne, on what is now the German side of the German/French border [Sara L. Friedemann Uckelman (aka Aryanhwy merch Catmael), "Jewish Given Names Found in Les Noms Des Israélites en France, 2002-2003, c.f. Feminine Names A-Z > Rachel, http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/jewish/levy/, accessed Oct. 16, 2006.]
de la Mer - to quote the private email message Ursula Georges prepared & sent on July 7, 2006, for the Academy of St. Gabriel:
You asked about two fourteenth-century feminine names: … We found the French byname <de la Mer> in early fifteenth-century Paris; it's probably fine for your time period as well. [1]
[1] Friedemann, Sara L. (aka Aryanhwy merch Catmael), "French Names from Paris, 1421, 1423 and 1438" (WWW: privately published, 2002-2003). http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/french/paris1423.html
Yin confirmed that the cited article shows de la Mer is a byname/surname recorded in Paris at least once in 1438.
Sable, on a fess wavy azure fimbriated a mermaid in her vanity argent.
Regarding the device: To resolve proportion concerns, Yin redrew this device & obtained Rochelle's approval of the redraw. The original emblazon had a fess that was about 41% of the shield height, which is significantly more than 1/3 the shield height. Parker states, "It should occupy, according to heraldic rule, one third of the height of the escutcheon, but this proportion is almost always considerably diminished in practice." [James Parker, "A Glossary of Terms Used in Heraldry," 1894, coded by Saitou 2000, last modified by Jim Trigg 2004, http://www.heraldsnet.org/saitou/parker/index.htm, c.f. fesse, accessed Sept. 10, 2006.] Further, the fimbriation was so thin that, at a two-inch mini-emblazon height for the uncolored version, the two lines to delineate the fimbriation appeared to be one thick line.
Seth Comyn, new device
Sable, a wolf rampant contourny between three crescents argent.
Regarding this device: Two reviewers commented on the size of the crescents, but neither indicated that they are small enough to be returnable. Perhaps a recommendation to draw them larger in the future is warranted.
Laurel registered the name Seth Comyn in Dec. 2000 via Artemisia.
Signý Gyðadóttir, new name
Signý wants a feminine name. She will not accept major changes. However, if her name must be changed, Signý cares most about its language/culture (presumably Norse).
Signý - feminine ON given name. "The first element Sig- comes from OW.Norse sigr (Genitive: sigrs), which is derived from Germanic *seziz, *sezuz, 'victory, conquest' … The second element -ný is from the OW.Norse adjective nýr 'new'. … Occurs in Old Danish as Sighni, in Old Swedish as Sighne and in OW.Norse as Signý. Found in the runic nominative form sikni. Cleasby-Vigfusson states that this name found in Landnámabók comes from the name of the goddess Sigyn, the wife of Loki. A short form for women's names in Sig- is Sigga." [Christie L. Ward (aka Gunnvôr silfrahárr & The Viking Answer Lady), "The Viking Answer Lady: Old Norse Names: Old Norse Women's Names," 2006, c.f. Sigbjörg, Ásný, Signý, http://www.vikinganswerlady.com/ONWomensNames.shtml, accessed Sept. 16, 2006.] This feminine name is also listed in Geir Bassi without the element information [G. Fleck (aka Geir Bassi Haraldsson), "The Old Norse Name," in Studia Marklandica (series), Yggsalr Press: Olney, Maryland, 1977, p. 14].
Gyðadóttir - patronymic meaning "daughter of Gyði" based on the normalized OW.Norse form of a masculine name from a 10th C trade treaty [Ward, "The Viking Answer Lady: Old Norse Names: Names of Scandinavians in the Byzantine Varangian Guard and in Russia ," 2006, c.f. Norse Names from Treaties between Byzantium and the Rus - 911 Treaty, http://www.vikinganswerlady.com/VarangianNames.shtml, accessed Sept. 16, 2006]. In accordance with instructions, the genitive form is made by changing the final "i" to an "a" & the patronymic is made by adding dóttir [Ward, "The Viking Answer Lady: Old Norse Names," 2006, c.f. Surnames: Patronymics and Matronymics, http://www.vikinganswerlady.com/ONNames.shtml, accessed Sept. 16, 2006]. These same directions are also listed in Geir Bassi [Fleck, pp. 17-18].
Sofi the Crabby, new name & device
Sofi wants a feminine name & will accept any changes. If her name must be changed, she cares most about its sound. Sofi will accept a holding name. [Apparently spelling is also of some importance to Sofi. Yin was informed that Sofi saw, & did not choose, other spellings for her given name.]
Sofi – a variant of the feminine, originally Greek name, Sophia meaning "wise." The name appears with several variants in period in areas influenced by the Byzantine Empire:
It was recorded as Soffya, Sófi, Sofia, Sofÿa, Sofya, Sophi, & Sophia in Hungary in the 14th-15th C [Brian R. Speer (aka Walraven van Nijmegen), "Hungarian Feminine Names," 1998, 2002 c.f. The Name Data, http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/magfem2.html]. Given these variants, the submitted spelling seems plausible for late period Hungary in the 14th-15th C.
In France, the name was recorded as Sofia, Sophi, Sofe, & Sophie. Additionally, there are three saints of this name, one of whom is known as St. Sophie, the mother of Faith, Hope, & Charity. If Yin reads the entry correctly, these names were recorded in the 11th C. [Marie-Thérèse Morlet, Les noms de personne sur le territoire de l'ancienne Gaule du VIe & XIIe siècle, Vol.2, Les noms Latins ou transmis par Latin, Paris: Editions du centre national de la recherche scientifique, 1971, p. 107a, c.f. Sophia]. Given these variants, the submitted spelling seems plausible for 11th C France.Background: This saint & her three daughters are Romans who were martyred for their Christian faith during the reign of Hadrian. As indicated by 7th C documents, among others, their tomb & the church erected above it became a destination for pilgrims. [JNO. F.X. MURPHY, "Sts Faith, Hope, Charity," The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume V, K. Knight, 2003, http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05766a.htm, accessed Sept. 17, 2006.]
In Sweden, the name was recorded as Sophia one to four times ca. 1300 & as Soffi in 1413 [Christer Romson (aka Lindorm Eriksson), "Swedish Feminine Names from ca. 1300," http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/swedish1300female.htm; Sara L. Friedemann Uckelmann (aka Aryanhwy merch Catmael), "Swedish Feminine Given Names from SMP," 2001-2003, 2005, c.f. 1400-1449 - Soffi, http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/smp/, accessed Sept. 13, 2006]. Aryanhwy & Yin conclude that Sofi is a reasonable alternate spelling of Soffi based on Aryanhwy's article, which, Aryanhwy noted, lists:Eufemie 1333, 1334 (Eufemia)
Euffemia 1335 (Eriksson), 1335 (Eufemia)
Arffredde 1444 (Arnfridh)
Arfriidh 1444 (Arnfridh)
Arffrid 1454 (Arnfridh)
Arffridh 1459, 1472 (Arnfridh)
Arffrydh 1490 (Arnfridh)
Alfritdæ 1458 (Alfridh)
Alffrijdh 1498-1500 (Alfridh)
the Crabby - constructed byname, using the Lingua Anglica Allowance, based on & consistent with Hungarian bynames that describe character traits such as wisdom, honesty, stubbornness, & indifference:
While most Hungarian bynames belong to one of the previous three classes [patronymics, locatives, & occupationals], there are many other kinds of byname. Most of these describe the physical or personality traits of an individual, such as hair, weight, height, age, intelligence, bravery, etc.
Examples: Feher (white-haired); Fodor (curly-haired); Hasas (pot-bellied); Melles (big-chested); Eltes (elderly); Eszes (wise, clever); Jo (good, honest); Fejes (stubborn); Hideg (cold, indifferent); Vak (blind) [Brian R. Speer (aka Walraven van Nijmegen), "Hungarian Names 101," 1998, 2002, c.f. Constructing a Hungarian Name - Other kinds of Bynames, http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/magyarnames1012.html.]
Yin believes, & Sofi recognizes, that the byname probably should be Crab or the Crab, rather than the Crabby. This belief is based on surname/byname Crabbe, which was recorded in England in 1188, 1217, c. 1420, & 1580. The name is based on OE crabba 'crab' either for one who walked like a crab or, as in German & East Frisian, for a cross-grained, fractious person; or based on ME crabbe 'wild apple' of persons 'crabbed, cross-grained, ill-tempered.' [P. H. Reaney and R. M. Wilson, Dictionary of English Surnames, 3rd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997, c.f. Crabb]
Yin did not change the name in hopes other reviewers would have better information to support some spelling of either the Crab or the Crabby as bynames. However, Yin believes the name Sofi Crabbe is registerable as one of the following:
- Hungarian under our Lingua Anglica Allowance without a weirdness (one step from period practice). Such an action is supported by previous rulings that the allowance does not count as a weirdness [Feb. 2002 LoAR cf. Returns - An Tir - Æfric the Lost, http://sca.org/heraldry/loar/2002/02/02-02lar.html; Nov. 2001 LoAR, c.f. Acceptances - Ansteorra - Corwin of Saxony
, http://sca.org/heraldry/loar/2001/11/01-11lar.html]. If the allowance is not applied, the name is not registerable as a Hungarian-English combination [March 2004 LoAR, c.f. Acceptances - Middle - Sabin Lorent Axstell of Mordaf, http://www.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2004/03/04-03lar.html]. - a French-English combination without a weirdness [Dec. 2003 LoAR, c.f. Acceptances - Middle - Engelbert the Pious, http://sca.org/heraldry/loar/2003/12/03-12lar.html]
- a Swedish-English combination with one weirdness for the language combination [July 2002 LoAR, c.f. Acceptances - Atlantia - Brita Hughes, http://sca.org/heraldry/loar/2002/07/02-07lar.html].
Per bend sinister azure and argent fretty azure, a daisy argent.
Toirdhealbhach Bodhar, new name & device
Toirdhealbhach will not accept any changes, but he will accept a holding name.
To quote the private email message Aryanhwy prepared & sent on Aug. 16, 2006, for the Academy of St. Gabriel:
This is a fine name; Toirdhealbhach can be dated to 1305, and the nickname Bodhar 'the deaf' to 1349, 1354, and 1359, making both elements a good choice for the 14th century. [1]
[1] "Index of Names in Irish Annals" http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/mari/AnnalsIndex/
Gules, on a fess sable fimbriated a sun argent eclipsed sable.
Regarding the device: Kingdom-level reviewers are divided on the issue of whether or not, in the SCA, an eclipsed sun is one charge or two charges. Certainly, for conflict-checking purposes, we treat an eclipsed sun as two charges (a sun charged with a roundel). However, for style purposes, Laurel & Wreath appear to have treated an eclipse sun as one charge. Consider:
- The layer limit currently reads:
Layer Limit - Designs may not be excessively layered.
All charges should be placed either directly on the field or entirely on other charges that lie on the field. ["Rules for Submissions of the College of Arms of the Society for Creative Anachronism, Inc," March 28, 2004, c.f. VIII.1.c.ii, http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/rfs.html.] - A three-layer limit has applied since at least 1986 &, perhaps, much earlier:
[Sable, on roundel engrailed argent, a sword inverted sable surmounted by a hawk displayed, wings inverted, and sinister facing.] This is clearly four layers, using a charge surmounting a tertiary, which is forbidden (AR6b). [Dec. 1986 LoAR, c.f. Returns - Trimaris - Wihtgar Silfrhar, http://www.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1986/12/lar.html ]
- There are at least six registered examples of suns eclipsed in which, if a sun eclipsed counted as two charges, there are four layers. Two of these examples were registered after the 1986 precedent identified above. The respective LoARs did not include comments regarding the design, layers, or complexity:
Sable, within a sun eclipsed throughout argent, eclipsed azure, a goshawk displayed argent [Oct. 1980 LoAR, c.f. Acceptances - West - Connor McAuliffe FitzJames, http://www.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1980/10/lar.htm].
Potenty gules and argent, a sun sable eclipsed argent charged with a mullet throughout sable [Feb. 1982 LoAR, c.f. Acceptances - Caid - Glynn Llan-y-Rhyllwyn , http://www.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1982/02/82-02lar.htm].
Per chevron abased azure and argent, in chief on a sun argent, eclipsed sable, a pear argent [Oct. 1982 LoAR, c.f. Acceptances - An Tir - Loren Shadwydpere o'Moerlonde, http://www.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1982/10/82-10lar.html].
Argent, in fess two goblets and on a chief triangular azure, a sun Or eclipsed sable [Nov. 1984 LoAR, c.f. Acceptances - Middle - M'fanwy of Ceredigion, http://www.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1984/11/lar.html].
Argent, three goblets and on a chief triangular azure a demi-sun issuant from the point, Or eclipsed sable [Oct. 1991 LoAR, c.f.Acceptances - Middle - M'fanwy of Ceredigion, http://www.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1995/06/lar.html]. (This device replaced the 1982-registered device noted above.)
Or, on a pile sable between two roses gules barbed and seeded argent slipped and leaved vert a sun Or eclipsed sable [June 1995 LoAR, c.f. Acceptances - Atenveldt - Stephan Schwartzwald, http://www.sca.org/heraldry/loar/1995/06/lar.html].
- There is at least one recent precedent that mentions the fourth-level nature of a charge on a sun eclipsed, without mentioning that the motif is no longer allowed. One might conclude from this precedent that a sun eclipsed is treated differently for conflict-checking purposes than for style-checking purposes.
[Sable, on a compass star argent a Maltese cross azure and in base two swords inverted crossed at the tips argent] The device conflicts with Conner McAuliffe FitzJames, Sable, within a sun throughout argent, eclipsed azure, a goshawk displayed argent, which could also be blazoned as Sable, on a sun throughout argent, a roundel azure charged with a goshawk displayed argent. This emphasizes the quaternary nature of Conner's goshawk, and we ignore quaternary charges completely when checking for conflict. We give no CD between a compass star and a sun, nor for throughout vs. not-throughout for non-ordinaries. Since compass stars are not eligible for X.4.j.ii, there is no CD for type only between a roundel and a Maltese cross. Thus there is only one CD between this armory and Conner's for adding the secondary swords. [May 2005 LoAR, c.f. Returns - Caid - John the Wanderer, http://www.sca.org/heraldry/loar/2005/05-05/lar.html]
In addition, to resolve proportion concerns, Yin redrew this device & obtained Toirdhealbhach's approval of the redraw. The original blazon had a fess that was about 41% of the shield height, which is significantly more than 1/3 the shield height. Parker states, "It should occupy, according to heraldic rule, one third of the height of the escutcheon, but this proportion is almost always considerably diminished in practice." [James Parker, "A Glossary of Terms Used in Heraldry," 1894, coded by Saitou 2000, last modified by Jim Trigg 2004, http://www.heraldsnet.org/saitou/parker/index.htm, c.f. fesse, accessed Sept. 10, 2006]. Further, the fimbriation was so thin that, at a two-inch mini-emblazon height for the uncolored version, the two lines to delineate the fimbriation appeared to be one thick line.
Uilliam MacAindriú, new badge
(Fieldless) An urchin couchant contourny sable.
Laurel registered the name Uilliam MacAindriú in Sept. 2000 via Artemisia.
As Aryanhwy notes, please review Checky vert and argent, a hedgehog statant sable [Aug. 1979 LoAR, c.f. Acceptances - Middle - Francois Lagrosseteste de Lamorlaye, http://sca.org/heraldry/loar/1979/Heraldicon/acceptances.htm]. There is one CD for the field. However, there might or might not be one for the reversed posture. Correctly drawn urchins, which are European hedgehogs, are fairly symmetrical, except for the nose & eyes.
Kingdom-level reviewers seem divided about the originally drawn charge's idendifiability. Most thought it unidentifiable. Those who recognized it cited the spines or the nose & spines as identifiers. Whether they could or could not identify the charge, all agreed it was too small.
Yin believes most of the problem was with the originally drawn charge's size on the mini-emblazon. Lacking a line drawing, Yin traced the colored emblazon's lines & then enlarged it to better fill the badge form's roundel. She then generated a new submission form & prepared colored copies. That enlargement is submitted here.
